Universe Today
uk canada goose Look up in the night sky. On a clear night, if you’re lucky, you’ll catch a glimpse of the Moon shining in all it’s glory. As Earth’s only satellite, the Moon has orbited our planet for over three and a half billion years. There has never been a time when human beings haven’t been able to canada goose outlet look up at the sky and see the Moon looking back at them. uk canada goose
Canada Goose Parka As a result, it has played a vital role in the mythological and astrological traditions of every human culture. A number of cultures saw it as a deity while others believed that its movements could help them to predict omens. But it is only in modern times that the true nature and origins of the Moon, not to mention the influence it has on planet Earth, have come to be understood. Canada Goose Parka
Size, Mass and Orbit:
With a mean radius of 1737 km and a mass of 7.3477 x 10 kg, the Moon is 0.273 times the http://www.mycanadagoosejacket.org size of Earth and 0.0123 as massive. outlet iphone xs case Its size, relative to Earth, makes it quite large for a satellite second only to Charon’s size relative to Pluto. With a mean density of 3.3464 g/cm, it is 0.606 times as dense as Earth, making it the second densest moon in our Solar System (after Io). Last, it has a surface gravity equivalent to 1.622m/s2, which is 0.1654 times, or 17%, the Earth standard (g).
The Moon’s orbit has a minor eccentricity of 0.0549, and orbits our planet at a distance of between 356,400 370,400km at perigee and 404,000 406,700km at apogee. This gives it an average distance (semi major axis) of 384,399km, or 0.00257 AU. It’s core is a solid iron rich sphere that measures 240 km (150 mi) across, and it surrounded by a outer core that is primarily made of liquid iron and which has a radius of roughly 300 km (190 mi).
canada goose clearance Around the core is a partially molten boundary layer with a radius of about 500km canada goose outlet reviews (310mi). This structure is thought to have developed through the fractional crystallization of a global magma ocean shortly after the Moon’s formation 4.5billion years ago. outlet iphone xs case online Crystallization of this magma ocean would canada goose outlet black friday have created a mantle rich in magnesium and iron nearer to the top, with minerals like olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene sinking lower. canada goose clearance
canada goose uk black friday The mantle is also composed of igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron, and geochemical mapping has indicated that the canada goose outlet uk sale mantle is more iron rich than Earth’s own mantle. The surrounding crust is estimated to be 50 canada goose outlet nyc km (31 mi) thick on average, and is also composed of igneous rock. canada goose uk black friday
canada goose uk shop The Moon is the second densest satellite in the Solar System after Io. However, the inner core of the Moon is small, at around 20% of its total radius. Its composition is not well constrained, but it is probably a metallic iron alloy with a small amount of sulfur and nickel and analyses of the Moon’s time variable rotation indicate that it is at least partly molten. canada goose uk shop
Artist concept illustration of the internal structure of the moon. Credit: NOAJThe presence of water has canada goose outlet store also been confirmed on the Moon, the majority of which is located at the poles in permanently shadowed craters, and possibly also in reservoirs located beneath the lunar surface. cheap iphone 7 case outlet The widely accepted theory is that most of the water was created through the Moon’s interaction of solar wind where protons collided with oxygen in the lunar dust to create HO while the rest was deposited by cometary impacts.
The geology of the Moon (aka. selenology) is quite different from that of Earth. Since the Moon lacks a significant atmosphere, it does not experience weather hence there is no wind erosion. Similarly, since it lacks liquid water, there is canada goose outlet online also no erosion caused by flowing water on its surface. Because of its small size and lower gravity, the Moon cooled more rapidly after forming, and does not experience tectonic plate activity.
canada goose coats on sale Instead, the complex geomorphology of the lunar surface is caused by a combination of processes, particularly impact cratering and volcanoes. Together, these forces have created a lunar landscape that is characterized by impact craters, their ejecta, volcanoes, lava flows, highlands, depressions, wrinkle ridges and grabens. canada goose coats on sale
cheap Canada Goose The most distinctive aspect of the Moon is the contrast between its bright and dark zones. The lighter surfaces canada goose outlet store uk are known as the “lunar highlands” while the darker plains are called maria (derived from the Latin mare, for “sea”). The highlands are made of igneous rock that is predominately composed of feldspar, but also contains trace amounts of magnesium, iron, pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, and olivine. cheap Canada Goose
Canada Goose online LROC Wide Angle Camera (WAC) mosaic of the lunar South Pole region, width 600 km. volcanic) rock. The maria regions often coincide with the “lowlands,” but it is important to note that the lowlands (such as within the South Pole Aitken basin) are not always covered by maria. The highlands are older than the visible maria, and hence are more heavily cratered. Canada Goose online
Canada Goose Jackets Other features include rilles, which are long, narrow depressions that resemble channels. These generally fall into one of three categories: sinuous rilles, which follow meandering paths; arcuate rilles, which have a smooth curve; and linear rilles, which follow straight paths. These features are often canada goose factory outlet the result of the formation of localized lava tubes that have since cooled and collapsed, and can be traced back to their source (old volcanic vents or lunar domes). Canada Goose Jackets
canada goose black friday sale Lunar domes are another feature that is related to volcanic activity. When relatively viscous, possibly silica rich lava erupts from local vents, it forms shield volcanoes that are referred to as lunar domes. These wide, rounded, circular features have gentle slopes, typically measure 8 12 km in diameter and rise to an elevation of a few hundred meters at their midpoint. iphone 8 case on sales canada goose black friday sale
Wrinkle ridges are features created by compressive tectonic forces within the maria. These features official canada goose outlet represent buckling of the surface and form long ridges across canada goose outlet in usa parts of the maria. Grabens are goose outlet canada tectonic features that form under extension stresses and which are structurally composed canada goose outlet uk of two normal faults, with a down dropped block between them. Most grabens are found within the lunar maria near the edges of large impact basins.
canada goose factory sale Rima Ariadaeus as photographed from canada goose outlet shop Apollo 10. The crater to the south of the rille in the left half of the image is Silberschlag. cheap iphone 7 case outlet The dark patch at the top right is the floor of the crater Boscovich. Credit: NASAImpact craters are the Moon’s most common feature, and are created when a solid body (an asteroid or comet) collides with the surface at a high velocity. The kinetic energy of the impact creates a compression shock wave that creates a depression, followed by a rarefaction wave that propels most of the ejecta out of the crater, and then a rebounds to form a central peak. canada goose factory sale
canada goose coats These craters range in size from tiny pits to the immense South Pole Aitken Basin, which has a diameter of nearly 2,500km canada goose outlet and a depth of 13km. iphone 8 case for sale canada goose outlet toronto factory In general, the lunar history of impact cratering follows a trend of decreasing crater canada goose outlet parka size with time. In particular, the largest impact basins were formed during the early periods, and these were successively overlaid by smaller craters. canada goose coats
buy canada goose jacket There are estimated to be roughly 300,000 craters wider than 1km (0.6mi) on the Moon’s near side alone. Some of these are named for scholars, scientists, artists and explorers. The lack of an atmosphere, weather and recent geological processes mean that many of these craters are well preserved. buy canada goose jacket
Another feature of the lunar surface is the presence of regolith (aka. outlet iphone xr case Moon dust, lunar soil). Created by billions of years of collisions by asteroids and comets, this fine grain of crystallized dust covers much of the lunar surface. The regolith canada goose outlet canada contains rocks, fragments of minerals from the original bedrock, and glassy particles formed during the impacts.
canadian goose jacket The historic boot print left behind by the Apollo 11 crew in the lunar regolith. Credit: NASAThe chemical composition of the regolith canada goose black friday sale varies according to its canada goose outlet jackets location. Whereas the regolith in the highlands is rich in aluminum and silica, the regolith in the maria is rich in iron and magnesium and is silica poor, as are the basaltic rocks from which it is formed. canadian goose jacket
uk canada goose outlet Geological studies of the Moon are based on canada goose outlet new york city a combination of Earth based telescope observations, measurements from orbiting spacecraft, lunar samples, and geophysical data. These range from 153C to 107C on average, though temperatures as low as 249C have been recorded. Measurements from NASA’s LADEE have mission determined the exosphere is mostly made up of helium, neon and argon. uk canada goose outlet
canada goose The helium and neon are the result of solar wind while the argon comes from the natural, radioactive decay of potassium in the Moon’s interior. There is also evidence of canada goose outlet sale frozen water existing in permanently shadowed craters, and potentially below the soil itself. The water may have been blown canada goose jacket outlet in by the solar wind or deposited by comets canada goose.